The coupling effects of electrical pulse, temperature, strain rate, and strain on the flow behavior and plasticity of 5182-O aluminum alloy were investigated and characterized. The isothermal tensile test and electrically-assisted isothermal tensile test were performed at the same temperature, and three typical models were further embedded in ABAQUS/Explicit for numerical simulation to illustrate the electroplastic effect. The results show that electric pulse reduces the deformation resistance but enhances the elongation greatly. The calibration accuracy of the proposed modified Lim-Huh model for highly nonlinear and coupled dynamic hardening behavior is not much improved compared to the modified Kocks-Mecking model. Moreover, the artificial neural network model is very suitable to describe the macromechenical response of materials under the coupling effect of different variables.