The adsorption kinetics of polystyrene [1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium][bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinate] (PS[C₄mim][C272]) towards V(V) in acidic leachate was explored under ultrasound. The effects of ultrasonic power and V(V) concentration on the adsorption performance of PS[C₄mim][C272] were investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic radiation significantly shortened the adsorption equilibrium time and improved the adsorption performance of PS[C₄mim][C272] compared with the conventional oscillation. At an ultrasonic power of 200 W, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of PS[C₄mim][C272] reached its maximum of 311.58 mg/g. The kinetic model fitting results showed that the adsorption process of PS[C₄mim][C272] strictly followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model under ultrasound. Analysis using the shrinking core model and the Weber-Morris model showed that the adsorption process of PS[C₄mim][C272] was primarily controlled by intra-particle diffusion mechanism. The adsorption isotherm model study showed that the Langmuir isotherm model could effectively fit the adsorption process of PS[C₄mim][C272] under ultrasound.