MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Stable interfaces in lithium metal batteries constructed via in-situ electrolyte reformulation

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  • College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411104, China

Online published: 2026-05-13

Abstract

Li2CO3 was introduced into LiPF6-based electrolytes and the electrolytes were stored at 40 °C. Nuclear magnetic analysis of electrolytes and X-ray diffraction characterization of reaction residues demonstrate the formation of LiPO2F2 and LiF during storage. This reformulated electrolyte boosts lifespan and Coulombic efficiency (CE) in Li||Li and Li||Cu cells, with Li||Li cells stably cycling for >800 h and 300 h at 0.5 mA/cm2 and 1.0 mA/cm2, respectively. Moreover, with the optimal content of Li2CO3, the CE of the reformulated electrolyte (91.56%) is greatly improved compared to that of the standard electrolyte (81.99%). The compatibility and enhanced rate performance of the reformulated electrolyte are also exhibited in Li||NCM full cells with a moderately high mass loading of 9.6 mg/cm2.

Cite this article

Kuan DAI, Feng-jing WU, Mu-lan QIN, Chang-wei SU, Wan-min LIU, Xin-ye LUO . Stable interfaces in lithium metal batteries constructed via in-situ electrolyte reformulation[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2026 , 36(4) : 1281 -1293 . DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(25)67031-2

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