MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Effect of carbon on recrystallization and grain growth behavior of carbide-free FeMnCoNiCx high-entropy alloys

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  • a School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China;

    b “The Belt and Road Initiative” Advanced Materials International Joint Research Center of Hebei Province, Tianjin 300132, China;

    c School of International Education, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300132, China;

    d Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510651, China

Online published: 2026-06-08

Abstract

The impact of interstitial carbon on recrystallization behavior was investigated in designed carbide-free FeMnCoNiCx high-entropy alloys (HEAs) by utilizing weak carbide-forming elements. The results indicate that recrystallization and grain growth are both effectively facilitated in carbon-containing high-entropy alloys. Under identical cold rolling conditions, carbon-containing HEAs exhibit higher dislocation density and deformation stored energy, which facilitates the recrystallization behavior. Meanwhile, the activation energy for grain growth in carbon-containing alloys is lower than that in carbon-free alloys. Diffusion couple experiments reveal that the addition of carbon increases the diffusion coefficients of metallic elements, thereby reducing the activation energy for grain growth and consequently accelerating grain coarsening. This phenomenon stands in sharp contrast to the conventional understanding, in which carbon suppresses recrystallization by forming carbide secondary phases that pin grain boundaries.

Cite this article

Chang LIU, Zhe JIANG, Wei FANG, Hao-yang YU, Jin-fei ZHANG, Tie-xu PENG, Xin ZHANG, Fu-xing YIN . Effect of carbon on recrystallization and grain growth behavior of carbide-free FeMnCoNiCx high-entropy alloys[J]. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2026 , 36(5) : 1610 -1622 . DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(26)67050-1

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