An innovative technology of high-voltage pulse discharge (HVPD) was proposed to investigate the comminution characteristics of galena ore. The optimal experiment parameters were determined as follows: spark gap spacing of 25 mm, pulse number of 120, and voltage of 25 kV. The mass fraction with size <0.074 mm in ground products was improved by the HVPD. Meanwhile, the relative grindability declined with the increase of the grinding time, which indicated that the superiority of HVPD was weakened. The ground products of HVPD were distributed more homogeneously than those of mechanical crushing. The liberation of breakage products was improved by 24.57% via the HVPD. Moreover, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, pore volume, and average pore size were increased via the HVPD. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses suggested that obvious grain-boundary breakage and several stomatal traces were observed in the HVPD products.