Cu-Fe alloys with different Fe contents were prepared by vacuum hot pressing. After hot rolling and aging treatment, the effects of Fe content on microstructure, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of Cu-Fe alloys were studied. The results show that, when w(Fe)<60%, the dynamic recrystallization extent of both Cu phase and Fe phase increases. When w(Fe)≥60%, Cu phase is uniformly distributed into the Fe phase and the deformation of alloy is more uniform. With the increase of the Fe content, the tensile strength of Cu-5wt.%Fe alloy increases from 305 MPa to 736 MPa of Cu-70wt.%Fe alloy, the elongation decreases from 23% to 17% and the electrical conductivity decreases from 31%IACS to 19%IACS. These results provide a guidance for the composition and processing design of Cu-Fe alloys.